Class 7 and 8 Resources Center

Category: Class-7 English Literature

  • Class-7 Chapter 3B Space Travel 🧳

    A. Answer the following questions

    1. Give one example from the lesson to show how scientific predictions can go wrong.
    The chairman of IBM once predicted that only six computers would be needed in the world. But later, the invention of the microchip made it possible for millions of people to use computers everywhere. This shows how predictions in science can be completely wrong.

    2. What is the number of people who have travelled into space so far?
    According to the lesson, a little more than a hundred people have actually travelled into space till now.

    3. In what way will hospitals in space be good for patients?
    Hospitals in space will help patients because they will be in a weightless condition. They will not need wheelchairs, and they will be free from bedsores, which are common in bedridden patients on Earth.

    4. Who will do the work on the scientific bases that will be built on the planets?
    The work on scientific bases will be done by both human crews and robots, depending on the location and type of work.

    5. Sir Arthur Clarke says that the idea of building a space elevator is very simple. What according to him is the difficulty in building a space elevator?
    The main difficulty is finding a material that is strong enough to make the cable. Although the material called C 60 (Carbon-60) is 100 times stronger than steel, it is available in very small quantities, and huge amounts are needed to build the elevator.

    Chapter: Space Travel

    B. Rearrange the predictions in the order mentioned in the lesson:

    1. ☐ Scientific bases will be set up on almost all the planets of the solar system. [3]
    2. ☐ Orbiting hotels, laboratories, workshops and hospitals will be constructed in the next 20-30 years. [2]
    3. ☐ Space travel will become very cheap in the long run. [5]
    4. ☐ People might travel to space in space elevators. [4]
    5. ☐ The moon might be colonized to some extent. [1]

    C. Complete the following sentences using information from the lesson:

    1. The first space tourist was Dennis Tito.
    2. Man may not build colonies on the planets of the solar system because the conditions for life are very hostile.
    3. The cost of space travel is very high at present because a lot of energy is wasted.
    4. A space elevator can be built using a very strong cable connecting a satellite in stationary orbit to a point on the Equator.
    5. The cost of fuel used for sending a man in space may be less than the cost of fuel in air travel.

    Words – Vocabulary Matching

    Column 1 Column 2
    1. microchip i. a very small piece of a material used to carry a complicated electronic circuit
    2. exploration e. travelling to a place to find out more about it
    3. robots a. automatic machines that can do some tasks which a human being can do
    4. hostile f. unfriendly, making it difficult for things to happen
    5. hurdles h. difficulties
    6. elevator d. a machine that carries people and goods up and down a tall building, a lift
    7. payload c. passenger and things that a spaceship is carrying
    8. catering b. work of providing food and drinks
    9. in-flight g. during a journey in a plane or spaceship

    Grammar

    Expressing Future Possibilities using will, may, might

    Now express your views on what is likely to happen in India during the next ten years by filling the blanks using will, may or might.

    1. India will send a spaceship to the moon.
    2. Air pollution may decrease to a certain extent.
    3. The cities will become more crowded.
    4. Air travel might become cheaper.
    5. India may become a great military power in the world.
    6. More and more people will use computers.
    7. India might win the next cricket World Cup.
    8. India may win many medals in the Olympic Games.
    9. Polio will disappear from India.
    10. More and more children will go to school for education.

  • Class-7 Chapter-3A Space Exploration

    B. Answer the following questions

    1. How did Major Yuri Gagarin feel when he spoke to the officials at the great launching site?
    Yuri Gagarin felt proud and honoured to be chosen for such an important mission. He spoke calmly and politely to the officials and said goodbye as if he were going on a long journey.

    2. List the things that suggest the great size of the rocket that launched Vostok-I.
    The rocket was huge and tall, as it had a sharp nose pointing skywards and required a lift to carry Gagarin to the top. It also produced a sheet of flame and clouds of smoke when it lifted off.

    3. Had Major Yuri Gagarin ever before entered Vostok-I? How did he know the precise movements he had to make?
    No, he had never entered the real Vostok-I before. However, he had trained many times in an exact replica (copy) of the capsule. During training, he had practised all the movements he would need to make.

    4. How did Major Yuri Gagarin feel when the hatch was closed above him?
    He felt alone and isolated inside the cabin, but he remained calm. He began to carry out the preliminary checks with a focused mind.

    5. Where did Major Yuri Gagarin work before joining the Soviet Air Force? What was his occupation?
    Before joining the Soviet Air Force, Gagarin worked in a factory as an apprentice moulder (a person who shapes metal).

    6. What sort of training did Gagarin have to get before he was accepted in the Soviet Air Force?
    He had to work very hard to become a pilot. He took flying lessons, qualified as a pilot, and earned his wings through dedication and hard work.

    7. Why did Gagarin volunteer for training as a cosmonaut?
    Gagarin had a strong fascination with flying and space. His interest in aeroplanes led him to volunteer for cosmonaut training.

    8. Why didn’t Gagarin feel any tension when he entered the spacecraft?
    He did not feel tension because he had spent the last year learning how to stay calm under pressure. He had trained his mind to ignore impatience and anxiety.

    9. What could Gagarin feel/hear inside when the rocket lifted off the launching pad? Did he have any idea of this before?
    Inside the rocket, he could hear a loud noise like thunder and feel strong vibrations. He could not move due to irresistible forces. Yes, he had an idea from training on the centrifuge, which had prepared him for such forces.

    10. What parts of the rocket/launch vehicle were separated from Vostok-I before it entered its orbit?
    First, the nosecone was withdrawn, then the last stage of the rocket fell away, allowing Vostok-I to enter orbit.

    11. How did Yuri Gagarin feel when Vostok-I entered the orbit? What was the cause of this feeling? Did Gagarin feel upset with this? Give reasons for your answer.
    When the spacecraft entered orbit, Gagarin felt a strange and new feeling called weightlessness, because gravity was no longer acting on him.
    No, he did not feel upset. He calmly accepted it and soon got used to it.

    12. List the things that Gagarin noticed inside the cabin when Vostok-I entered its orbit.
    Inside the cabin, he noticed:

    • Objects were floating in the air
    • His notebook drifted away
    • His pencil floated out of reach
    • He had to hold things down
    • He could still eat and do his tasks in weightlessness

    13. Did Gagarin feel helpless or did he try to study and analyse the situation in which he found himself?
    Gagarin did not feel helpless. He tried to study the situation carefully. He remained calm, observed everything, and even wrote down his impressions.

    14. List the precautions and steps that were taken for the re-entry of the spacecraft into the earth’s atmosphere.
    For re-entry:

    • Retro-rockets were fired to slow down the speed
    • This caused the capsule to sink into the atmosphere
    • The re-entry was planned carefully, as it was the most dangerous phase of the mission

    15. How did the two peasant women react when they saw the spacecraft coming down? What did Gagarin have to tell them to make them feel normal?
    The women were afraid when they saw the strange object and Gagarin in his bright orange suit and helmet.
    To calm them, Gagarin took off his helmet and said,
    “I am one of your own people, comrade! I am Yuri Gagarin!”

    A. Complete the following table: The First Man in Space

    Detail Information
    Name of the astronaut/cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin
    Age 27 years
    Nationality Soviet (Russian)
    Name of the spacecraft Vostok-I
    Weight of the spacecraft 4.5 tons
    Date of the flight April 12, 1961
    Time of take-off 9:11 a.m.
    Time of landing 10:59 a.m.
    Duration of the flight 108 minutes
    Launching site Baikonour, Central Asia
    The speed at which it hurtled around the earth 17,000 miles per hour

  • Class-7 Chapter-2B Effects Of Air Pollution

    ✅ B. Answer the following questions

    1. What kinds of diseases are caused by air pollution? Name some of them.
    Air pollution causes many serious diseases, especially related to the lungs, heart, and respiratory system.
    Some of them are:

    • Asthma
    • Bronchitis
    • Lung and heart diseases
    • Respiratory allergies
    • Premature death

    2. How does the excess amount of some gases affect the earth’s atmosphere?
    Excessive amounts of gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide trap heat in the atmosphere.
    This leads to the greenhouse effect, which causes:

    • Warming of the Earth’s atmosphere
    • Melting of polar ice caps
    • Rising sea levels and floods
    • Disruption of climate and weather patterns

    3. What changes will the greenhouse effect bring about on the earth?
    The greenhouse effect can cause:

    • Global warming
    • Melting of polar ice caps
    • Rising sea levels
    • Flooding of coastal areas
    • Large-scale changes in climate and weather
      These changes could have disastrous consequences for life on earth.

    4. In what way is the release of CFCs harmful for us?
    CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) are used in refrigerants and cleaning agents.
    When released, they damage the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays.
    The thinning of the ozone layer can lead to:

    • Skin cancer
    • Eye problems
    • Harm to plants, animals, and marine life

    5. What is acid rain? List the things affected by acid rain.
    Acid rain is rain, snow, or fog that becomes acidic due to pollutants like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides released by burning fossil fuels.
    Acid rain affects:

    • Lakes and rivers (kills fish and aquatic life)
    • Forests and soil (destroys trees and washes away nutrients)
    • Human health
    • Buildings and monuments (damages marble and stone structures)

    6. Why are the effects of acid rain widespread?
    The effects of acid rain are widespread because pollutants can travel hundreds or thousands of kilometers in the air before falling back to earth.
    This means that even places far away from the pollution source can be affected by acid rain.

    7. Pick out the line from the text that shows that the harmful effects of air pollution on buildings are not very old.

    “Experts say that more damage has been done in the past 30 years than in the previous 2,000 years.“

    A. Complete the following table

    Things Affected How Affected
    Human beings Suffer from diseases like asthma, bronchitis, lung and heart problems
    Plants, trees Damaged or killed by toxic gases; forests destroyed; crops affected
    Animals (like cattle) Poisoned by fumes from industries like aluminium smelters
    Water bodies (lakes, rivers) Acidified by acid rain; fish and aquatic life die
    Soil Nutrients like potassium, calcium, and magnesium are washed away by acid rain
    Buildings and monuments Become black with soot; marble eroded by acid rain (e.g., Taj Mahal, Krakow)
    Ozone layer Damaged by CFCs, allowing harmful sun rays to reach Earth

    Words

    Work in pairs. Find words/phrases from the text which are similar in meaning to the following:

    Given Word/Phrase Word/Phrase from the Text
    STOP POLLUTION control air pollution
    vehicular traffic urban transport
    fumes smoke / poisonous gases
    widespread all around us / extensive / ever-present
    ill-effects harmful effects
    disappeared seemed to disappear
    destroying slowly eroding / washing away
    saves protects
    in danger of dying forever threatened / endangered

    Grammar

    Use of the simple present tense, active and passive

    Complete the following

    Grammar: Use of the Simple Present Tense (Active and Passive)

    1. There are three thermal power plants in Delhi—Badarpur, Indraprastha and Rajghat. All of them release large volumes of pollutants into the air. A great deal of fly ash is also released from these plants. This ash pollutes not only air but also land and water.

    2. Each day Delhi is becoming dirtier and dirtier. Delhi produces about 6,000 tonnes of solid waste. This waste comes from households, industries and hospitals. But only 80% of this garbage is collected every day. The rest is left on the roads, streets, open spaces and parks to pile up. And this piling up goes on daily. If nothing is done to stop this, Delhi will become a huge garbage dump.

  • Class-7 Chapter-2A Air Pollution

    📘 Understanding – Answer the following questions

    1. Why does the author call the industrial accident that took place on Dec. 3, 1984, in Bhopal a tragedy? Also, mention the cause of the accident.
    The accident is called a tragedy because it caused the death of 4,000 people, injured 1.5 to 6 lakh people, and left thousands crippled or blinded for life. The accident occurred due to a deadly gas leak from a chemical plant owned by Union Carbide.

    2. In the opinion of the author, what sort of problem is every big city in India facing every day?
    Every big city in India is facing the problem of air pollution, which is becoming a major health threat.

    3. Why is air more important than food and water?
    Air is more important because a person can live without food for a month, and water for 2–3 days, but cannot survive without air for even a few minutes.

    4. Why is air pollution more serious than polluted water or contaminated food?
    Because we breathe around 15 kg of air daily, more than the quantity of food or water we consume. Thus, more pollutants enter the body through air than through food or water.

    5. When is air called polluted? What harm can polluted air cause to human beings?
    Air becomes polluted when harmful substances like gases and particles alter its natural composition. Polluted air can cause respiratory issues, lung damage, cancer, and other serious illnesses.

    6. How is man-made pollution different from natural pollution?
    Natural pollution comes from volcanoes, forest fires, and dust, while man-made pollution is caused by industries, vehicles, chemicals, and burning fuels.

    7. Name the harmful substances that enter the air from factories and motor vehicles.

    • From factories: Smoke, ash, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, toxic gases
    • From motor vehicles: Carbon monoxide, lead, fine particulate matter

    8. List the industries that are sources of air pollution mentioned in the passage.

    • Thermal power stations
    • Cement industries
    • Steel industries
    • Ore processing industries
    • Chemical industries

    9. What sort of vehicles are on the increase? What have they led to?
    Two-wheelers and motor vehicles are rapidly increasing. This has led to urban air pollution, with a rise in harmful gases and fine particles in the atmosphere.

    10. What is a gas mask? Why is it going to be required soon?
    A gas mask is a device worn over the face to filter polluted air for safe breathing. If air pollution continues to rise, people might need to wear gas masks daily to protect themselves.

    11. What is indoor pollution? Make a list of substances that cause indoor pollution.
    Indoor pollution refers to pollution inside buildings and homes.
    Substances causing it include:

    • Tobacco smoke
    • Air fresheners, incense sticks
    • Paints, asbestos, plywood
    • Dry-cleaned clothes
    • Chemical sprays (e.g., pesticides)
    • Smoke from burning wood or stoves

    12. What do you think is second-hand tobacco smoke?
    Second-hand tobacco smoke is the inhalation of smoke by non-smokers who are nearby someone who is smoking. It is also harmful and is a major source of indoor air pollution.

    📝 Words

    A. Pick out words/phrases that show harmful effects of air pollution.
    Already given: deadly, crippled
    Others:

    • blinded
    • poisoning
    • threat to health
    • pollutants
    • garbage dumps for lungs
    • cancer
    • toxic gases

    B. Noun/Verb Forms TableNounVerb resident reside pollution pollute respiration respire composition compose inhalation inhale emission emit comparison compare knowledge know expectation expect VerbNoun consume consumption alter alteration believe belief reduce reduction continue continuation produce production operate operation

    ✍️ Grammar – Participles as Adjectives

    Pick out a past participle used as an adjective from Para 2:
    ➤ “polluted air” – polluted is a past participle used as an adjective.

    Complete the sentences using participles:

    1. The beggar is wearing a torn shirt. (tear)
    2. He does not like to eat a boiled egg. (boil)
    3. His grandfather told him a very interesting story. (interest)
    4. He was angry with his servant because he served him a burnt chapati. (burn)
    5. The mother bought her daughter a swimming suit. (swim)
    6. The baby started crying when he put his hand in boiling water. (boil)

    🗣️ Speaking – Making Suggestions

    A. Match the suggestions to situations:

    1. Oh, the car has broken down. What shall we do?
    • ✅ 5. How about leaving the car here and taking a taxi?
    • ✅ 7. Let’s look for a mechanic.
    • ✅ 8. Why don’t we push the car to the nearest garage?
    1. It’s raining heavily. We can’t go out.
    • ✅ 2. Let’s play cards.
    • ✅ 3. Why don’t we sit and watch the rain?
    • ✅ 9. I suppose we could watch TV.
    1. I can’t cook tonight.
    • ✅ 1. We could buy some bread and butter.
    • ✅ 4. We could manage with what we have.
    • ✅ 6. How about dining out?

    B. Make suggestions for the following:

    1. Next Sunday is your grandmother’s birthday:
      → Let’s bake her a cake and plan a small surprise party. 🎂
      → We could make a handmade card and gift.
    2. Your family wants to spend a week’s holiday somewhere:
      → How about going to a hill station or a beach resort? 🏖️
      → We could book a family trip to a historical city like Jaipur.
    3. You are meeting some of your friends after a long time:
      → Let’s plan a picnic or movie night together. 🎬
      → Why don’t we meet at our favourite café?
    4. Your class needs to raise money for a school trip:
      → We could organise a charity fair or a talent show. 🎭
      → How about making and selling handmade bookmarks or crafts?
    5. You want to improve your English skills:
      → Let’s start reading English storybooks and newspapers daily. 📚
      → We could join an online spoken English course.
    6. You have a project due in a week but haven’t started yet:
      → Let’s break the project into small tasks and do a bit every day.
      → How about asking a friend to help you plan it? 📝
    2A English Class 7Download

  • Chapter-6 The Happy Prince

    A. Answer the following questions

    1. Why did everyone admire the statue of the Happy Prince?
      The statue was admired for its stunning appearance—it was gilded with fine gold, had bright sapphire eyes, and a large ruby on its sword.
    2. Why did the Happy Prince not cry so long as he was alive?
      While he was alive, he lived in a palace where he never saw sorrow or poverty, so he never had a reason to cry.
    3. Why did the Happy Prince decide to give the ruby to the seamstress?
      He wanted to help the poor woman whose child was sick and had nothing to eat.
    4. How did the swallow feel when he had helped the sick boy?
      Helping the sick child filled the swallow with a warm sense of joy and satisfaction, despite the cold weather.
    5. Why was the young man not able to finish his play?
      He had no fire in his room and was weak from hunger, which made it impossible to complete his work.
    6. How did the Happy Prince help the girl with the matchboxes?
      He sent the swallow to give her one of his sapphire eyes so she could sell it and avoid being punished by her father.
    7. Mention the two differences which the swallow noticed between the life of the rich and the life of the poor.
      The swallow saw that the rich lived in comfort and abundance, while the poor suffered from cold, hunger, and misery.
    8. When did the heart of the Happy Prince break into two?
      His heart broke when the faithful swallow died at his feet due to the bitter cold.
    9. Why did the Mayor give orders to pull down the statue of the Happy Prince?
      The statue had lost its beauty and value after all its jewels and gold were removed, making it appear dull and useless.
    10. How were the Happy Prince and the swallow rewarded?
      They were taken to Heaven by God, who considered their sacrifices the most precious things in the city.

    B. Find out the false statements and correct them

    1. False – A drop of rain fell on the swallow when he was sleeping.
      Correct – It was a tear from the Happy Prince’s eye, not rain.
    2. False – The Happy Prince wept because he could no longer enjoy the comforts that he had in his palace.
      Correct – He wept because he saw the sorrow and misery of the people in the city.
    3. False – Gold and lead were the only two metals used to make the statue of the Happy Prince.
      Correct – The statue was covered in gold, had sapphires for eyes, and a ruby on the sword.
    4. True – The girl with matchboxes wept because she had no shoes and her clothes were old and torn.
    5. False – The swallow decided to stay with the Happy Prince because he was very much tired.
      Correct – He stayed because he loved the Prince and wanted to help the poor.
    6. False – The statue of the Happy Prince looked beautiful even when the gold covering, the sapphires and the ruby were removed.
      Correct – It looked dull and dirty after everything was removed.
    7. True – The Happy Prince was so kind and good that even fire could not destroy his heart.

    C. Qualities of the Happy Prince and the Swallow

    Happy Prince:

    • Kind
    • Compassionate
    • Selfless
    • Sympathetic
    • Generous

    Swallow:

    • Loyal
    • Helpful
    • Loving
    • Brave
    • Self-sacrificing

    A. Fill in the blanks

    Words: miserable, feasting, streaming down, looking for, starving, pulled down, bitterly, admired

    1. Visitors admired the beautiful buildings.
    2. Are you still looking for a job?
    3. Sweat was streaming down his face.
    4. The man spoke bitterly about the thief who had taken all his money.
    5. The poor man was starving but he did not beg for food.
    6. His mouth was filled with water when he saw everyone feasting at the party.
    7. After he lost all his money, he led a very miserable life.
    8. The workmen pulled down the old house.

    B. Find out words from the story

    1. A figure of a man or an animal – statue
    2. A small pool of water – puddle
    3. Old and torn clothes – rags
    4. Narrow streets between buildings – lanes
    5. A person who sells gold or jewels – jeweller
    6. Very valuable – precious
    7. A red precious stone – ruby
    8. Farewell – goodbye
    9. A clear blue precious stone – sapphire

    Joining Sentences Using ‘Where’

    1. The statue of the Happy Prince stood on a hill where all the citizens could see it.
    2. I lived in a palace where sadness was never allowed to enter.
    3. He went to see the house where he was born.
    4. He showed us the room where Akbar used to pray.
    5. This is the place where I kept my books.

    Joining Sentences Using ‘Although’

    1. Although he walked slowly, he reached on time.
    2. Although he ran fast, he missed the bus.
    3. Although he worked hard, he failed.
    4. Although he played well, he could not win the match.
    5. Although the child was hurt badly, he did not cry.