A. 1. c. 2. a. 3. d. 4. d. 5. b.
B. 1. goverment
- Highways
- restaurants, employment
- taxes
- five years
- Prime Minister
- 1950
- 16
- pulse polio, children
- 21
C. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F
D. 1. d. 2. e. 3. a. 4. b. 5. c.
E. 1. Budget is the detailed information
of the expenses incurred by the
government and declaration of the
future programmes and their
implementation. - When the demand is too high and
the government cannot provide on
its own the governmentoften
establish partnerships with
corporations to jointly work on
projects of public interest. - It gets the money from the taxes that
people pay to the government. - Five year plans were adopted to
fasten the process of development
and it was copied from the Soviet
model of development. - The social schemes launched are
MGNREGA and the NRDWP.
F. 1. Public facilities are those services
whose benefits are shared by many
people. In a democracy, it is the
responsibility of the government to
provide basic public facilities to the
people. The government sometimes
hires the services of some private
organisations for the construction
and maintenance of such public
facilities.
The government builds roads in the
cities as well as roads to connect one
city to another. Highways are the
network of roads that connect cities
and towns all over the nation.
The government is responsible for
providing drinking water, electricity,
public transport, health care, public
convenience, sanitation, education
facilities as well as means of public
transport and roads. These facilities
are necessary for the people in order
to lead a comfortable life.
Education of the masses is important
for the development of any nation.
The government has adopted
programmes such as Sarva Sikhsha
Abhiyan and Mid-day meal schemes
for universalisation of education.
The government has also adopted
certain housing schemes, especially
for the lower-income groups of the
society. - Functions of the planning
commission are-
• Assess the country’s resources
• Formulate the five year plans
• Determine national priorities and
allocate funds
• Decide on the machinery required
to make the plans successful
• Evaluate the plans periodically - Steps taken to bring economic
development are –
• Wide network of road as well as rail
networks
• Airports to facilitate air travels
• Generation and transmission of
power in the country
• Education of the masses
• Providing housing to the low
income group or the marginalized
• Immunization drives to improve the
health of the future generations. - Hardships that people face in the
urban areas are broken roads,
scarcity of health centres and
schools, scarcity of water and
electricity. It is because the resources
are scarce and the demand for them
is too high due to pressure of
population. - Education of the masses is important
for the development of any nation.
The government has adopted
programmes such as Sarva Sikhsha
Abhiyan and Mid-day meal schemes
for universalisation of education.
We have already learnt that Right to
Education is now a Fundamental
Right.
G. 1. First Five-Year Plan (1951–56)
Agriculture is the main occupation
of the people in India. So, the First
Five-Year Plan, for the period
1951–56, focused on improving the
conditions of the agrarian sector.
Many irrigation projects were
initiated during this period, including
the Bhakra-Nangal Dam and
Hirakud Dam. The Indian Institutes
of Technology (IITs) were started as
major technical institutions. The
University Grants Commission was
set up to take care of funding and
to take measures to strengthen the
higher education system in the
country.
Twelfth Five-Year Plan (2012–17)
The Twelfth Five-Year Plan aims
‘faster, sustainable, and more
inclusive growth’ of the economy.
The objective of the plan is to
improve the economic and social
life of the people on the whole, in
order to achieve an overall growth
rate of 8 per cent. It has also
proposed structural reforms in order
to reverse the economic slowdown,
achieve, and then maintain a steady
growth rate of the economy, with
the combined efforts of both the
government and the private sectors. - Urban Development
While cities, towns and suburbs
come in the category of urban areas.
Urban areas have numerous
education and job opportunities and
the infrastructure and development
rate is high. The government has
also adopted certain housing
schemes, especially for the lowerincome groups of the society. The
Indira Awas Yojana and Dr
Ambedkar Housing Scheme are
some of the programmes of housing
development in the rural areas. The
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban
Renewal Mission was adopted in
2005 to improve the infrastructure
in the cities.
Rural Development
The government has launched some
special schemes for the development
of the rural areas. The Mahatma
Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) aims
at enhancing the livelihood security
of people in rural areas by
guaranteeing hundred days of wageemployment in a financial year to a
rural household whose adult
members volunteer to do unskilled
manual work. If the government
fails to provide them jobs, they have
to anyway provide their salary.
Under the scheme, special job cards
were issued to the members. The
National Rural Drinking Water
Programme (NRDWP) aims to
provide clean and safe drinking
water for the people in the villages.
The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak
Yojana and the Indira Awas Yojana
are some of the other special
projects for rural development.
H. 1. India adopted five-year plans as a
mechanism to achieve balanced
economic development and growth
across various sectors of the
economy. The five-year plans were
influenced by the socialist approach
to economic planning, emphasizing
state intervention and control over
key industries and resources. These
plans aimed to promote rapid
industrialization, infrastructure
development, agricultural growth,
and social welfare programs to
uplift the standard of living for the
masses.
Key objectives of India’s five-year
plans included reducing poverty,
promoting employment generation,
ensuring equitable distribution of
wealth, and fostering self-sufficiency
in strategic sectors. The plans
provided a structured framework for
allocating resources, setting targets,
and monitoring progress towards
development goals. Despite some
deviations and critiques over time,
the five-year planning process
helped India lay the groundwork for
its economic transformation and
development strategies in the
decades following independence. - Investments in education and health
result in an improved quality of life
for citizens. This will increase the
productivity of the workforce.
Improved productivity helps to
generate more income.
DO AND LEARN
Assertion And Reasoning - a. 2. a.
Application/Competency Based Question
India has made great progress in
almost all fields in the last few years.
Keeping the status of our nation in
mind, which sector should be given
maximum priority while planning
about growth and development in the
sectors of agriculture, industry, health,
education, infrastructure development
and defence?
Ans – Given India’s current status,
priority should be given to
infrastructure development to support
sustainable growth across agriculture,
industry, health, education, and defence
sectors.
Hots - The Indian government has implemented
several measures to conserve water and
increase its availability, recognizing the
critical importance of water resources in
sustaining livelihoods and promoting
economic growth. Here are some key
measures:
Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Launched in 2019,
this campaign aims to improve water
conservation and water resource
management through various water
harvesting and conservation measures
across India.
Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee
Yojana (PMKSY): This scheme
focuses on enhancing water use
efficiency in agriculture through various
components like micro-irrigation,
watershed development, and promoting
efficient water management practices.
Rainwater Harvesting: Promotion of
rainwater harvesting techniques in both
urban and rural areas to capture and
store rainwater for various uses,
including recharge of groundwater.
Atal Bhujal Yojana: Aims to improve
groundwater management and promote
sustainable groundwater practices in
identified priority areas.
National Water Mission: Part of the
National Action Plan on Climate
Change, focusing on water conservation,
minimizing wastage, and ensuring
equitable distribution of water. - Education is crucial for India’s growth
and socio-economic development as it
empowers individuals with skills,
knowledge, and critical thinking abilities
needed for economic productivity and
innovation. It reduces poverty by
enhancing employment opportunities
and income levels. Education also
promotes social equality and inclusivity
by empowering marginalized
communities and promoting gender
equality. It fosters civic engagement and
contributes to the development of a
skilled workforce, essential for advancing
industries and technological progress,
thus driving overall national
development.
Picture Based Questions - Voter ID Card.
- The voter ID card is used to verify a
person’s identity and eligibility to vote
in elections.
WORKSHEET
A. 1. public facility - Five-Year
- acute water, electricity shortages
- Brazil
B. 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. F
C. 1. b 2. d 3. b 4. a