A. 1. b. 2. c. 3. b. 4. d.
B. 1. industrial 2. agro-based
- marine 4. ownership
- coal 6. densely
- Government
- Mediterraneam
- Coniferous 10. Cement
C. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T
D. 1. Synthetic textile is that textile that
is created artificially like nylon,
polyester, acrylic and rayon. - On the basis of source of raw
materials, industries are classified
as:–
• Agro-based Industries
• Marine-based Industries
• Forest-based Industries
• Mineral-based Industries - If an industrial establishment is
owned, controlled and managed by
the state, it is known as a public
sector enterprise. - Availability of cheap and good
transport is crucial to the setting up
of an industry because it ensures fast
arrival of the raw material as well
as the fast supply of the finished
good as well. - Factors that determine the location
of cotton textile industry areavailability of bulky raw cotton
textile, availability of a regular
supply of power to run the looms
and availability of both skilled and
semi skilled labour.
E. 1. a. Source of raw material:
industries are classified into agro
based, marine based, forest based
and mineral based industries.
b. Size: industries are classified into
cottage or household, small scale
and large scale industries.
c. Output: industries are classified
into basic and consumer goods
industries.
d. Ownership: industries are
classified into private sector,
public sector, joint sector and
cooperative enterprise. - The textile industry is one of the
oldest industries of the world and
existed even before the Industrial
Revolution in the 18th century
England. Earlier handlooms were
used but with Industrial
Revolution, power looms replaced a
lot of manual labour. During those
days, India was one of the largest
producers and exporters of textile.
Under the helm of textile industries,
there are the following industries
namely cotton textile industry,
woolen textile industry, silk textile
industry and jute textile industry. - The specific needs of an aircraft
industry are- capital as it requires a
lot of money in terms of investment
and skilled technical labourers. - Industries that require huge quantum
of cheap labour to operate efficiently,
as with textile units, usually locate
in densely populated areas.
Where skilled labour in small
numbers is called for, they can be
moved to the industry, especially if
they are a small part of the total
costs. If industries require large
volumes of technically skilled
people, the industry may gravitate
towards them, as with diamond
cutting. Where industries are highly
mechanised, they do not locate near
labour, but near a power source or
some other factor. - The information technology
industry is based on the development
in two major areas.
• The hardware industry is related
to the manufacturing of computers
and their peripherals, chips, disks,
drives and other components.
• The software industry prepares
programmes that enable computers
to operate and enable information
and data to be processed, analysed
and interpreted. The software is the
media the computer uses to perform
various tasks and functions.
G. 1. Agro-based Industries: These
industries involve the processing of
agricultural produce. Some examples
of these industries include sugar
mills, cotton textile mills, food
processing units, meat processing
units and dairy plants.
Forest-based Industries: These
industries signify the processing of
products from the forests. For
instance, wood is made into paper,
or timber can be used for various
purposes. Other examples of forestbased industries include the
manufacturing of resins, gums and
turpentine. - Small-scale Industries
These involve organisation of skilled
craftspersons and employed labour in
which there is a greater use of capital,
more machines, electric power and
raw materials that are both locally
available or brought in from outside.
Products are more standardised and
of better quality.
Example – food products, textile,
consumer goods, ceramics, wood
products industries.
Large-scale Industries
These industries are capitalintensive. They utilise heavy
machinery, consume a lot of power
and employ numerous skilled
labourers. Raw materials are
obtained from a variety of sources
or are even imported.
Example – iron and steel, automobile
and the chemical manufacturing
industry. - Private sector enterprise
Enterprise where the means of
production belong to a private
individual or to a partnership of
private individuals.
Public sector enterprise
Enterprise where the state owns,
controls and manages the industry.
H. 1. Because these are perishable
commodities and they need to be
processed before they are spoiled. - Iron and steel are crucial for modern
civilization as they are fundamental
in constructing infrastructure like
buildings, bridges, and railways.
They are essential for manufacturing
machinery, vehicles, and tools,
driving industrial growth. These
materials are key to energy
production, including pipelines and
power plants. They enable
technological advancements in
various sectors, including
transportation and appliances. Their
recyclability also supports
sustainable development and
resource management.
DO AND LEARN
Assertion And Reasoning - b. 2. a.
Application/Competency Based Question
One one hand, the IT industry is
making life easy and comfortable and
producing skilled employment, at the
same time, it is also reducing
employment opportunities, especially
in the unskilled sector. Justify this
statement in the context of rise of IT
industry.
Ans – The IT industry creates highpaying skilled jobs and enhances
efficiency, improving overall quality of
life. However, automation and
digitalization reduce the need for
manual, unskilled labor, displacing
many workers. Traditional industries
reliant on unskilled labor face
disruption from IT advancements. The
job market increasingly demands
technical skills, leaving unskilled
workers at a disadvantage. This dual
impact fosters economic growth but
widens employment disparities.
Hots - Workers were forced to migrate to urban
areas in search of jobs. They worked
long hours, were poorly nourished, and
lived in overcrowded conditions,
leading to disease and stress. As a result,
the labour laws were violated and
conditions of work were completely
ignored. This caused enormous amount
of hardships for the people in England. - Bengaluru is an important IT hub due
to its large pool of skilled professionals
and numerous prestigious technical
universities. It hosts many global tech
companies and startups, benefiting from
a supportive ecosystem. The city offers
excellent infrastructure and connectivity,
fostering innovation and collaboration.
Government policies and incentives
further boost its status as a leading IT
destination.
Picture Based Questions - One is Textile industry and one is Iron
and steel industry. - The textile and iron industries differ
significantly in various aspects:
Raw Materials: The textile industry
primarily uses natural fibers like cotton,
wool, and silk, as well as synthetic fibers
like polyester. The iron industry uses
iron ore, coal, and limestone.
Processes: Textiles involve spinning,
weaving, dyeing, and finishing to
produce fabrics. The iron industry
involves mining, smelting, refining, and
manufacturing steel products.
Products: The textile industry produces
clothing, home furnishings, and industrial
textiles. The iron industry produces iron,
steel, and a variety of products such as
machinery, tools, and construction
materials.
Environmental Impact: The textile
industry faces issues related to water
usage, chemical pollution, and waste
management. The iron industry is
associated with mining impacts, air
pollution from smelting, and greenhouse
gas emissions.
WORKSHEET
A. 1. Manufacturing - Location
- silk textile production
- Silk
B. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T
C. 1. d 2. d 3. d 4. a