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  • Pookie Answer

    Revolt of 1857

    Class 8 History · Exercise E: Answers

    1. Discuss the main political causes of the Revolt of 1857.

    The British used policies that took away the power and rights of Indian rulers, which made many of them angry.

    • Doctrine of Lapse: Under Lord Dalhousie, the British took over states like Satara, Jhansi and Nagpur when a ruler had no natural heir. Rani Lakshmibai’s adopted son was not accepted as the heir of Jhansi.
    • Annexation of Awadh (1856): The British took over Awadh on the charge of poor administration and exiled its king, Wajid Ali Shah.
    • Mughal emperor’s status: The British stopped the royal title and privileges of Bahadur Shah Zafar, and planned to shift the royal family out of the Red Fort.
    • Loss of power for Indians: Indians were kept out of higher posts in the administration and army, so they felt humiliated and ignored.

    2. What were the main economic factors that led to the outbreak of the Great Revolt?

    British economic policies harmed farmers, artisans, and landowners.

    • Heavy land revenue: High taxes were demanded from peasants, and many could not pay them.
    • Loss of land: Peasants and zamindars lost their land to moneylenders and to the British when they failed to pay debts or taxes.
    • Ruin of local industries: Cheap machine-made goods from Britain flooded the market, and Indian weavers and craftspeople lost their work.
    • Drain of wealth: Money and resources were sent from India to Britain, making India poorer.

    3. Why were the social reforms introduced by the British resented by the Indians?

    Many Indians felt that the British were trying to change their religion and traditions.

    • Fear of interference in religion: Reforms like the abolition of sati (1829) and the Widow Remarriage Act (1856) were seen by some as attacks on traditional customs.
    • Fear of conversion: Christian missionaries were active, and the Religious Disabilities Act (1850) let converts keep their property rights, which made people suspicious of the British.
    • Western education: Many people feared that English education would weaken their own culture and religion.

    4. Discuss why the sepoys were discontented.

    Indian soldiers (sepoys) had many complaints about their treatment in the British Indian Army.

    • Discrimination: Indian sepoys were paid less than British soldiers and could not rise above the rank of subedar.
    • Loss of allowances: Extra allowances (batta) were cut, and sepoys had to pay for their own needs during service.
    • General Service Enlistment Act (1856): Sepoys could be sent overseas. Many Hindus and Muslims believed that crossing the sea was against their religion.
    • Religious feelings hurt: Sepoys felt their religious beliefs were not respected.

    5. What was the immediate cause of the Revolt?

    The immediate cause was the greased cartridges issued with the new Enfield rifle.

    • Rumours spread that the cartridges were greased with the fat of cows and pigs.
    • Hindu and Muslim sepoys both found this offensive, since cows are sacred to Hindus and pigs are unclean to Muslims.
    • The anger spread quickly, and the revolt began at Meerut on 10 May 1857.

    6. Why was Mangal Pandey hanged?

    Mangal Pandey was a sepoy at Barrackpore who refused to use the greased cartridges.

    • On 29 March 1857, he attacked British officers, which was seen as an act of mutiny.
    • He was tried and hanged on 8 April 1857.
    • His bravery made him a symbol of resistance for many Indians.

    7. What happened in Delhi on 12 May 1857?

    Sepoys from Meerut reached Delhi on 11 May 1857 and then marched to the Red Fort.

    • On 12 May 1857, the rebels declared Bahadur Shah Zafar as the leader of the revolt.
    • Delhi became the main centre of the rebellion, and the Mughal emperor was seen as a symbol of unity.

    8. Name a few leaders of the Revolt of 1857.

    • Rani Lakshmibai: Jhansi
    • Nana Sahib: Kanpur
    • Tatya Tope: Kanpur and central India
    • Kunwar Singh: Jagdispur, Bihar
    • Begum Hazrat Mahal: Lucknow
    • Bakht Khan: Delhi
    • Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah: Faizabad

    9. Why did the Revolt of 1857 fail to achieve its aim?

    Although the revolt was powerful, it could not succeed for several reasons.

    • Lack of unity: The revolt was mostly limited to northern and central India, and many regions did not take part.
    • No common plan or leader: The rebels lacked a single strong leader and a clear plan.
    • Weaker weapons and resources: The British had better weapons, trained armies, and communication.
    • Help to the British: Some rulers and groups, such as parts of the Sikh and Gurkha forces, supported the British.

    10. What changes took place after the Revolt of 1857?

    After 1857, the British made major changes to how India was governed.

    • End of Company rule: The Government of India Act (1858) transferred power from the East India Company to the British Crown.
    • Queen’s Proclamation (1858): The British promised to respect Indian religions and customs and not to interfere in them.
    • Army reorganised: The number of British soldiers increased, and Indians were kept in less powerful positions.
    • Divide and rule: The British began to favour some groups over others to keep Indians divided.
    • Exile of Bahadur Shah Zafar: He was tried and sent into exile in Rangoon (Burma), and the Mughal empire came to an end.

    Study tip: Remember the story in three parts: why people were angry, what sparked the revolt, and what happened afterwards.

  • Computer – 2: WordPad

    Exercise Time | Complete Answers

    A. Tick (✓) the Correct Option

    1. It is a command bar that organises a program’s features into a series of tabs at the top of a window.
    1. Ribbon ✓
    2. Title Bar
    3. File Menu
    4. Five
    2. Control buttons are present on which side of the window?
    1. Left side
    2. Right side ✓
    3. Centre
    4. None of these
    3. To change the selected font to underline, you need to click:
    1. I
    2. B
    3. U ✓
    4. V

    B. Fill in the Blanks

    Clue box: Quick Access Toolbar, WordPad, two, title

    1. WordPad is made for formatting documents.
    2. The bar at the very top is called the title bar.
    3. The Quick Access Toolbar is located to the right of the toolbar.
    4. There are two tabs in the ribbon.

    C. Write True or False

    1. There are two methods to close the WordPad program. True
    2. WordPad also supports the bullets feature. True
    3. There are four important control buttons. True
    4. A file can also be saved by using the Ctrl + S key. True

    D. Answer the Following Questions

    1. What do you mean by WordPad?

    WordPad is a word-processing program used to create, edit, format and save documents.

    2. Write any two features of WordPad.

    1. We can change the font style, size and colour of text.
    2. We can make text bold, italic or underlined.

    3. Can you use WordPad to create letters and documents?

    Yes, WordPad can be used to create letters and other documents.

    4. Name any four screen elements of WordPad.

    Title Bar, Quick Access Toolbar, Ribbon and Document Area.

    Computer – 2: Scratch

    Exercise Time | Complete Answers

    A. Tick (✓) the Correct Option

    1. Scratch has its own:
    1. Paint editor
    2. Sound builder
    3. Both a) and b) ✓
    4. None of these
    2. This is where everything will take place.
    1. Stage ✓
    2. Script
    3. Sprite
    4. None of these
    3. It tells the actors what to say or do.
    1. Stage
    2. Script ✓
    3. Sprite
    4. None of these
    4. To save a new project on Scratch, click on:
    1. View
    2. File ✓
    3. Close
    4. None of these

    B. Write True or False

    1. You can create your own story on Scratch. True
    2. The Stage can have different backgrounds, just like in a play. True
    3. Each Sprite is not programmed with a Script. False
    4. You can also change the key according to your requirement. True

    C. Answer the Following Questions

    1. Define Sprite.

    A Sprite is a character or object in Scratch that can perform actions according to the instructions given in a script.

    2. What is the programming palette?

    The programming palette is the area in Scratch that contains different blocks used to create scripts and give instructions to sprites.

    3. What is the use of the green flag?

    The green flag is used to start or run a Scratch project.

    4. Why is it important to save a document? Write the steps.

    Saving is important because it keeps our work safe and allows us to open and use it later.

    Steps to save a Scratch project:

    1. Click on the File menu.
    2. Select the Save option.
    3. Choose a suitable name and location, if asked.
    4. Click Save to store the project.

    End of Exercise Answers | Computer – 2

    Computer – 2: Artificial Intelligence (AI)

    Exercise Time | Complete Answers

    A. Tick (✓) the Correct Option

    1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of ______ science.
    1. Medical
    2. Computer ✓
    3. Both a) and b)
    4. None of these
    2. This is an example of a virtual assistant.
    1. Smart car
    2. Smart watch
    3. Cortana ✓
    4. None of these
    3. In which year was the term Artificial Intelligence coined?
    1. 1956 ✓
    2. 1969
    3. 1997
    4. 1960
    4. Artificial Intelligence is not active in the following sector.
    1. Education
    2. Gaming
    3. Both a) and b)
    4. Scientific Discovery

    Note: The question appears to contain an error. AI is used in all four listed options, including education, gaming and scientific discovery. Therefore, none of the given options is correct as written.

    5. It is an example of a smart gadget.
    1. Smart watch
    2. Smart refrigerator
    3. Both a) and b) ✓
    4. None of these

    B. Fill in the Blanks

    Clue Box: Algorithms, Robots, Machine Learning, Thermostats, Artificial Intelligence

    1. Artificial Intelligence is the ability of machines to mimic human characteristics in a smart way.
    2. With AI, you can still create machines with algorithms that can work based upon their own intelligence.
    3. With the use of AI, you can create robots.
    4. Machine Learning is an application of Artificial Intelligence.
    5. Smart thermostats control a home’s heating and ventilation.

    C. Answer the Following Questions

    1. Mention two benefits of AI.

    1. AI helps us perform tasks quickly and accurately.
    2. AI can perform repetitive tasks and make our work easier.

    2. Name a few applications of AI.

    Some applications of AI are virtual assistants, smart robots, self-driving cars, smart refrigerators and facial recognition systems.

    3. What do you mean by Machine Learning?

    Machine Learning is a part of AI that enables computers to learn from data and improve their performance without being programmed for every individual task.

    4. Which type of tracking is designed in AI-enabled refrigerators?

    AI-enabled refrigerators can track food items and help monitor the available food stock.

    5. Which AI gadget notifies you whenever a feathered visitor arrives?

    An AI-enabled smart bird feeder can detect visiting birds and notify us when they arrive.

    End of Exercise Answers | Computer – 2

  • solution

    Solution to Question 8: Compound Interest

    Given:

    • Principal, \(P = ₹1,60,000\)
    • Rate of interest, \(R = 10%\) per annum
    • Time, \(T = 2\) years
    • Interest is compounded half-yearly.

    Step 1: Calculate the rate and number of periods

    Rate per half-year:

    \[ \frac{10}{2}=5% \]

    Number of half-years:

    \[ n=2\times 2=4 \]

    Step 2: Calculate the amount

    Using the compound amount formula:

    \[ A=P\left(1+\frac{R}{100}\right)^n \]

    Substituting the values:

    \[ A=160000\left(1+\frac{5}{100}\right)^4 \]

    \[ A=160000\left(\frac{105}{100}\right)^4 \]

    \[ A=160000\times\frac{121550625}{100000000} \]

    \[ \boxed{A=₹1,94,481} \]

    Step 3: Calculate the compound interest

    \[ \text{Compound Interest}=A-P \]

    \[ =194481-160000 \]

    \[ \boxed{\text{Compound Interest}=₹34,481} \]

    Final Answer

    Amount = ₹1,94,481

    Compound Interest = ₹34,481

  • Q3

    Question 3

    Three years ago, Brijesh purchased a buffalo from Surjeet for ₹7,680. What payment will discharge his debt now if the rate of interest is 12½% per annum, compounded annually?
    Solution

    Given:

    Principal (P) = ₹7,680

    Rate (R) = \(12\frac{1}{2}%\) per annum

    Time (T) = 3 years

    Step 1: Write the formula
    \[ A=P\left(1+\frac{R}{100}\right)^T \]
    Step 2: Substitute the values
    \[ A=7680\left(1+\frac{12.5}{100}\right)^3 \]
    \[ =7680\left(1+\frac{1}{8}\right)^3 \]
    \[ =7680\left(\frac{9}{8}\right)^3 \]
    Step 3: Calculate the amount
    \[ =7680\times\frac{9}{8}\times\frac{9}{8}\times\frac{9}{8} \]
    \[ =120\times9\times9\times9 \]
    \[ =120\times729 \]
    \[ =₹87,480 \]
    Step 4: Calculate compound interest
    \[ \text{C.I.}=\text{Amount}-\text{Principal} \]
    \[ =87,480-7,680 \]
    \[ =₹79,800 \]
    Answer: Brijesh must pay ₹87,480 to discharge his debt now.
    © abhishek.io.in

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