History Chapter-08

A. 1. c. 2. d. 3. a. 4. a. 5. b.
B. 1. colonialism

2. Lord Lytton, arms
3. Surendranath Banerjee
4. boycott, Bengal
5. Sallimulah Khan
6. Rabindranath Tagore
7. Civil-Disobedience
8. Subhas Chandra Bose
9. 19th 10. 1928
   C. 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T
   D. 1. e. 2. a. 3. b. 4. c. 5. d.
   E. 1. Through the Boycott Movement the
   Indians were asked to boycott the
   foreign goods, specifically the
   English goods and instead wear and
   promote the Indian made goods.
10. ‘Vande Mataram’ was written by
    Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya
    and was sung in the streets of
    Calcutta as a mark of protest against
    the Partition of Bengal in 1905.
11. The mass phase of the National
    Movement was started by Mahatma
    Gandhi with the beginning of the
    Champaran Satyagraha and then the
    launching of the Non- Cooperation
    Movement and the Khilafat
    Movement in 1920. After that the
    Civil Disobedience Movement was
    launched followed by the Quit India
    Movement.
12. The ‘no changers’ were those in the
    INC who did not want the Congress
    programme to change after the
    calling off of the Non- Cooperation
    and the Khilafat Movement. their
    constructivist programme involved
    spreading their movement to the
    rural countryside and increasing the
    base of the Congress party.
13. Direct Action Day was the day
    when the Congress won the elections
    with overwhelming majority and the
    Muslim League decided to boycott
    it. This happened on 16th August
    1946 and the day was observed as
    the Direct Action Day. On this day
    riots broke out between the Hindu
    Muslims all over the country.
    F. 1. The different political associations
    that came up towards the end of the
    19th century were British India
    Association, Madras Native
    Association, Poona Sarvajanik
    Sabha, Bombay Presidency
    Association and the All India
    National Conference.
14. The vision of the moderates who
    played an important role during the
    formative years of the Congress was
    that they believed in the good nature
    of the British who they thought
    respected the ideas of freedom and
    justice, they sought gradual reforms
    and not sudden independence, they
    wanted the British to train the
    Indians about self governance and
    they wanted changes through
    peaceful and constitutional methods.
15. The Morley Minto Reforms paved
    way for separate electorates in India.
    A system of indirect elections were
    introduced in India but some seats
    were reserved for the Muslims only,
    making it a separatist reform
    intended to divided the people.
16. Gandhiji devised two ways to
    protest against the British- one was
    ‘Satyagraha’ or search for the truth
    and ‘ahimsa’ which means non
    violence.
17. The Civil Disobedience was
    launched with the objective of
    forcing the government to abolish
    the tax monopoly, to break the salt
    monopoly through the Dandi march
    and demand for complete
    independence of India.
    G. 1. The Arms Act (1878) passed by
    Lord Lytton prohibited Indians from
    possessing firearms without licence.
    The Illbert Bill (1883) passed
    during the viceroyalty of Lord
    Ripon allowed the judges of Indian
    origin to try Europeans in India. The
    Europeans in India reacted harshly.
    Ultimately, the government amended
    the Bill.
18. During the early phase of the INC,
    moderate leaders like Dadabhai
    Naoroji and G K Gokhale believed
    in association with the British and
    demanded constitutional changes
    within legal parameters.
    As demands of the moderates
    remained unfulfilled, a new radical
    group emerged in the Indian
    National Congress. This group,
    known as the Radicals, advocated
    the attainment for Swaraj. Some
    prominent, extremist leaders were
    Lala Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chandra Pal
    and Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
    H. 1. The ‘Poona Pact’ was signed
    between Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and
    Mahatma Gandhi by which seats
    were reserved for the ‘Depressed
    classes’ out of the general electorate
    seats in the provincial legislature.
19. The Muslim League was formed in
    Dacca under the leadership of
    Sallimulah Khan because they
    thought that after the formation of
    the Congress, their interests would
    not be properly represented. They
    supported the Partition of Bengal
    and later appealed to the Viceroy,
    Lord Minto for separate electorates.
    The British used this disunity by
    following the policy of divide and
    rule and playing the Hindus against
    the Muslims with every possible
    opportunity.