A. 1. d. 2. a. 3. c. 4. c. 5. d.
B. 1. Principles, practices
- Nana Saheb
- inflow
- discriminatory
- conservative
- Christian, Hinduism, Islam
- Guns, ammunition, fire
- adopted, Kanpur
- Birjis Qadr
- taluqdars
C. 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T
D. 1. d. 2. c. 3. e. 4. a. 5. b.
E. 1. On the ground that Nana Saheb was
not the biologcal son of the Peshwa,
he was denied the pension. - Activities attempting to convert the
Indians into Christians and constant
praise for Christianity over all the
other religions turned the Indians
against them.
3. Bahadur Shah Zafar was chosen as
the leader of the Revolt of 1857
because the mutineers wanted to
bring back the Mughals to power
and he was the last in the line.
Therefore the mutineers made him
the leader in order to bind all the
sections of the population. - The Indian army was reorganised to
prevent future revolts. It was
declared that the proportion of
Indian soldiers in the army would
be reduced, and the number of
European soldiers would be
increased. - (i) The Indians were kept out of
European clubs and could not
travel in the same compartment
in trains in which the Englishmen
travelled.
(ii) The Arms Act of Lord Lytton
declared keeping of arms and
their trade without license as a
crime, but the Europeans were
exempted from this law.
F. 1. Despite the success of the revolt at
many places, it was suppressed
because-
• It lacked a visionary leadership who
could have a perception of India as
a nation. Their interests were
mostly local and personal.
• It lacked common ideas because the
Hindu sections wanted the revival
of the Marathas while the Muslims
wanted the return of the Mughals.
The leaders looked at the past as a
solution to their problem.
• It lacked the support from the
middle classes who saw the British
rule as good for India as it was
bringing the much desired changes
in the society through reforms and
new Acts.
• It had faith in the old and outdated
technology as far as warfare and
putting up a resistance against the
British was concerned hence, it was
unlikely to have succeeded on that
front.
• Every section in India did not join
the revolt, in fact the Indian Princes
preferred to be with the British
instead of supporting the mutineers. - Annexation of Awadh brought
about the ruination of many
sections of the population-
• It not just displaced the Nawab but
also the ‘taluqdars’ who had
controlled land and power in the
countryside for many years
• Before the coming of the British,
there were many armed retainers ,
built forts and maintained a degree
of autonomy however all that came
to an end with the British seizing
their powers
• With the British seizing power, the
‘taluqdars’ were disarmed and their
forts destroyed , the entire social
structure of the countryside
• The ‘taluqdars’ and their peasants
joined the uprising and were
supported by the artisans who had
lost their jobs because of the
removal of the Nawab - The outcomes of the Revolt of 1857
were-
• It led to the end of the Company’s
rule and the Queen of England
directly took over the affairs of their
colony India
• Appointment of the Secretary of
State who would manage the affairs
of India in England as well as a
Viceroy who would replace the
Governor General in India
• The Indian army was reorganized
whereby more number of European
soldiers were put amongst the Indian
soldiers in order to avoid the
occurrence of another revolt
• Assurance was given to the Indian
ruling dynasties that no further act of
aggression would be committed
against them
• More respect was given to the
customs and religious practices of
the people of India
• The revolt of 1857 acted as a source
of inspiration for the Indian National
Movement - The Revolt was suppressed in the
most brutal fashion though it took
the British many more years to
bring peace in the area. The rebels
were tried and hanged and their
lands were confiscated. Some of the
rebels tried to evade capture by the
British by taking refuge in the
neighbouring countries but most of
them were hunted down, captured
and hanged in public to set an
example before the others about the
consequences of going against the
British authority. - The revolt started in the regiment
of Barrackpur and then spread to
the rest of the country. After looting
the guns and the ammunition, the
rebels marched towards Meerut and
from there to Delhi where they
reached the court of Bahadur Shah
Zafar. On the way to Delhi, the
rebels were joined by other rebels
who came from places like Jhansi,
Awadh, Lucknow, Bareily, Arrah
and Kanpur. It spread through most
of North India but was not joined
by the rest of the country.
G. 1. • The Khurda revolt of 1817 was
an armed uprising against the
British, which impacted other
district of Odisha like Cuttack. It
is also known as the Paika
Rebellion or Paika Bidroha
which was led by Bakshi
Jagabandhu.
• The revolt began on May 10,
1857, at Meerut as a sepoy
mutiny. It was initiated by sepoys
in the Bengal Presidency against
the British officers. This War of
Independence marked the end of
rule by the British East India
Company. - The policy of economic exploitation
followed by the British affected all
sections of Indian society. Due to
high revenue demands and ruthless
system of revenue collection, life of
the peasants became miserable.
They lost most of their traditional
rights and were deprived of their
land.
The sepoys or Indian soldiers
formed about seven-eighth of the
total British troops in India. But
they were often subjected to
discriminatory provisions and rules
by their British superiors. Besides,
they were paid much less than
British soldiers.
H. 1. As the Indian Rebellion of 1857
spread, Sepoy regiments reached
the Mughal Court at Delhi. Because
of Zafar’s neutral views on religions,
many Indian kings and regiments
accepted and declared him as the
Emperor of India. - The policy of economic exploitation
followed by the British affected all
sections of Indian society. Due to
high revenue demands and ruthless
system of revenue collection, life of
the peasants became miserable.
They lost most of their traditional
rights and were deprived of their
land. Due to the massive inflow of
cheap goods manufactured in
British factories, Indian hand-made
goods lost their market. Besides
being less costly, machine-made
goods were also available in large
quantities. This led to the
impoverishement of Indian artisans
and crafts persons.